Bed Leveling Guide: Perfect First Layer Every Time

A level bed is the foundation of successful printing. Get this wrong and nothing else matters. Get it right and most prints succeed without intervention.

Why Levelling Matters The first layer is the foundation. If the nozzle is too far from the bed, filament doesn't stick. Too close, and it drags or clogs. Perfect distance means filament squishes slightly against the bed, creating a bond that holds through the entire print.

Bed levelling ensures consistent distance across the entire print surface.

Manual Levelling: The Paper Method Most printers without auto bed levelling use this method.

1. Heat your bed to printing temperature (60°C for PLA). The bed expands when hot, so cold levelling doesn't work. 2. Home all axes (usually via the menu or G28 command) 3. Disable steppers so you can move the head manually 4. Place paper (standard printer paper works) under the nozzle 5. Adjust the corner knob until you feel slight resistance when moving the paper 6. Move to each corner and repeat 7. Return to first corner and verify it hasn't changed 8. Repeat the full cycle until all corners feel identical

The paper method works but requires practice. Too tight and you'll struggle with first layers. Too loose and nothing sticks.

Auto Bed Levelling Systems The ANTCLABS BLTouch and CR Touch probe the bed at multiple points, creating a mesh that compensates for imperfections. This doesn't make your bed flat; it makes your printer compensate for unevenness. *(Price when reviewed: ~£40 | Check price)*

After ABL installation: 1. Set your Z-offset (distance from probe trigger point to nozzle tip) 2. Run the probing sequence 3. Save the mesh to EEPROM 4. Re-probe periodically (weekly for heavy use, monthly for occasional use)

ABL is the single best upgrade for printers without it. It removes most first-layer frustration.

Z-Offset Adjustment Even with ABL, you need correct Z-offset. This sets where "zero" actually is for your nozzle.

Too high: Filament doesn't squish, poor adhesion, prints pop off Too low: Nozzle drags, blocks filament flow, damages bed surface

Adjust in small increments (0.05mm) until your first layer looks right: slightly flattened lines that merge together without gaps or excessive squish.

Troubleshooting First Layers Lines not sticking: Bed too far, raise it or lower Z-offset Lines too squished/transparent: Bed too close, lower it or raise Z-offset Good centre, bad corners: Bed not flat, use ABL mesh compensation Good corners, bad centre: Bed warped, may need replacement or glass surface

When to Re-Level - After moving the printer - After removing or reinstalling the print bed - After any maintenance involving the gantry or frame - When first layers start failing consistently - With ABL: re-probe monthly or when issues appear

Bed Surfaces Different surfaces need different approaches: - PEI: The Creality PEI Sheet is popular. Clean with IPA, prints stick when hot, release when cool *(~£25 | Check price)* - Glass: Use hairspray or glue stick for adhesion - BuildTak/magnetic: Follow manufacturer recommendations

A clean bed is essential. Fingerprints, dust, and residue cause adhesion problems. Clean before tricky prints.

Our Advice Learn manual levelling even if you have ABL. Understanding what correct level feels like helps you troubleshoot problems. ABL compensates for imperfect technique but doesn't fix fundamental misunderstanding.